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  • Minarchism is a political ideology that advocates for a minimal state, believing that the government's role should be limited to protecting its citizens' rights and providing only the most essential public services. These services typically include law enforcement, courts, and defense, but exclude areas such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, which minarchists believe should be left to private entities or individuals. The term "minarchism" is derived from the "minimal-archism" or "minimal government."

    The roots of minarchism can be traced back to the classical liberal tradition of the 18th and 19th centuries, which emphasized individual liberty, private property, and a free market economy. However, the term "minarchism" itself was coined in the 20th century, during the rise of libertarianism in the United States. It was used to distinguish between those libertarians who advocated for a minimal state and those who advocated for a completely stateless society, also known as anarcho-capitalists.

    Minarchism is closely associated with the philosophy of Objectivism, developed by Ayn Rand in the mid-20th century. Rand argued that a minimal state was necessary to protect individual rights, and that any further government intervention in the economy would lead to inefficiencies and infringements on freedom. Her works, such as "Atlas Shrugged" and "The Fountainhead," have been influential in shaping the minarchist ideology.

    Despite its roots in classical liberalism and Objectivism, minarchism has also been influenced by other political philosophies. For example, some minarchists draw on the ideas of Austrian economics, which argues against government intervention in the economy. Others incorporate elements of constitutionalism, arguing that a written constitution is necessary to limit the power of the state and protect individual rights.

    While minarchism has never been the dominant political ideology in any country, it has had a significant influence on libertarian movements around the world. It has also influenced policy debates, particularly in areas such as taxation, regulation, and social welfare, where minarchists argue for less government involvement. Despite its limited political success, minarchism remains a significant ideological current within libertarianism and continues to shape debates about the role of the state in society.

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