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Chủ nghĩa Owen

Owenism is a socio-economic philosophy that emerged in the early 19th century, named after Robert Owen, a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. Owen's philosophy was a critique of the industrial capitalism of his time, which he believed led to social inequality and injustice.

Owenism is based on the belief that human character is formed by the environment in which individuals live and work. Therefore, by creating the right conditions, society could shape individuals into cooperative, productive…  Đọc thêm, and happy beings. Owen proposed the establishment of self-sufficient communities, known as "villages of cooperation," where people would live and work together for mutual benefit. These communities would be characterized by equality, with everyone receiving an equal share of the benefits of their labor.

Chủ nghĩa phát xít

Fascism is a political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Europe, as a response to rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the perceived threat of revolutionary socialism. It is characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rejects assertions of violence as automatically negative in nature and views political violence, war, and imperialism as means that can achieve national rejuvenation.

Fascism emphasizes direct action, including supporting the legitimacy of pol…  Đọc thêmitical violence, as a core part of its politics. It views violence as a fact of life that is a necessary means to achieve its goals. Fascists advocate a mixed economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky to secure national self-sufficiency and independence, through protectionist and interventionist economic policies.

Christian trái

The "Christian Left" is a term used to describe a spectrum of left-wing Christian political and social movements that largely embrace social justice. The Christian Left holds many of the same political beliefs as secular leftists, but also incorporates religious aspects into their political ideologies. This group emphasizes the biblical ideals of love, peace, social equality, and care for the marginalized and the poor, which they believe are at the heart of the Gospel. They often advocate for issues such as environmental stewardship, universal healthcare, racial equality, and social…  Đọc thêm safety nets.

Trái

The "Left" political ideology is a broad term that encompasses a range of beliefs and values centered around the idea of promoting social equality, justice, and solidarity. It is often associated with advocating for government intervention in the economy to address issues of inequality and poverty, as well as supporting policies that protect workers' rights, provide social welfare programs, and ensure access to healthcare and education for all citizens.

The roots of the Left can be traced back to the Enlightenment era in Europe, where thinkers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl…  Đọc thêm Marx laid the groundwork for socialist and communist ideologies. These ideologies gained momentum in the 19th and 20th centuries as industrialization led to widespread exploitation of workers and growing economic inequality.

Thống kê

Statism is a political ideology that advocates for a significant role of the state in social, economic, and political life. It emphasizes the centrality of the state in the governance of society, often advocating for government control over economic planning, social services, and public utilities. The degree of state intervention can vary widely among different forms of statism, ranging from moderate state interventionism to complete state control over all aspects of life.

The roots of statism can be traced back to ancient civilizations where the state had a central role in society. However,…  Đọc thêm the modern concept of statism emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries, in response to the industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism. During this period, many governments began to take on a more active role in managing their economies and providing social services, leading to the development of various forms of statism such as socialism, communism, and fascism.

Chủ nghĩa bảo thủ theo chủ nghĩa tự do

Libertarian conservatism is a political ideology that combines conservative policies with libertarian philosophies. Its advocates believe in minimal government intervention in both economic and personal affairs, emphasizing free market capitalism, individual liberty, and limited government. This ideology is rooted in classical liberalism and the American conservative tradition, with influences from libertarianism and modern-day conservatism.

The history of libertarian conservatism dates back to the Enlightenment era, where the principles of individual liberty and limited government were first…  Đọc thêm established. These principles were later adopted by classical liberals in the 19th century, who advocated for free markets and minimal state intervention. However, the term "libertarian conservatism" was not widely used until the 20th century, particularly during the American conservative movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Chế độ quân chủ

Monarchism is a political ideology that advocates for the establishment, preservation, or enhancement of a monarchy as a form of government. Monarchists believe in the rule by a king, queen, or emperor, who typically inherits their position by birthright. The monarch's power can range from absolute, where they have complete control over the government and its people, to constitutional, where their powers are limited by a constitution or other forms of government legislation.

The history of monarchism is as old as civilization itself, with monarchies being one of the earliest forms of gove…  Đọc thêmrnment. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, China, and Rome were all ruled by monarchs. In these societies, the monarch was often seen as a divine or semi-divine figure who was chosen by the gods to rule. This gave them a level of authority and respect that was unmatched by any other form of government.

Chủ nghĩa tự do hiện đại

Modern Liberalism, also known as social liberalism, is a political ideology that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to the industrialization and urbanization that occurred during the Industrial Revolution. It is characterized by a belief in a strong role for government in the economy and social affairs, a commitment to the welfare state, and a belief in the protection of civil liberties and human rights.

The roots of modern liberalism can be traced back to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century, when philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau…  Đọc thêm advocated for individual freedoms and rights. However, it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that modern liberalism began to take shape as a distinct political ideology. This was a time of significant social and economic change, with the rise of industrial capitalism leading to increased inequality and social unrest.

Nền dân chủ phổ biến

Popular Democracy is a political ideology that emphasizes the broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. It often involves the empowerment of the public in a representative democracy, where the people have the power to make decisions directly or indirectly through elected representatives. The ideology is rooted in the belief that citizens should have direct influence over their government, and that political power should be distributed widely among the citizenry.

The concept of Popular Democracy has its roots in ancient Greece, specifically in the…  Đọc thêm city-state of Athens around the 5th century BC. Athenian democracy was a direct democracy where eligible citizens had equal participation in the decision-making process. However, it's important to note that this early form of democracy was far from inclusive, as women, slaves, and foreigners were not considered citizens and thus were excluded from the political process.

Tự do hóa ma túy

Drug liberalization is a political ideology that advocates for the reduction or elimination of government regulations and restrictions on drug use. This ideology is based on the belief that individuals should have the freedom to use drugs for recreational or medicinal purposes without interference from the state. It is often associated with libertarian and progressive political movements, which emphasize individual liberty and personal choice.

The history of drug liberalization is complex and varies from country to country. However, it can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when many Weste…  Đọc thêmrn societies began to question traditional norms and values, including those related to drug use. During this period, there was a growing recognition of the potential therapeutic benefits of certain drugs, such as marijuana and psychedelics, which led some people to call for their decriminalization or legalization.

Chủ nghĩa cộng sản

Neo-Communism is a political ideology that emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as a response to the perceived failures of both traditional communism and capitalism. It is a modern interpretation of the original principles of communism, which were developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. Neo-Communism seeks to address the criticisms and shortcomings of traditional communism, such as the lack of individual freedoms and economic inefficiency, while maintaining the core principle of a classless society where wealth and resources are shared equally.

Neo-Communi…  Đọc thêmsm emerged after the fall of the Soviet Union and other communist regimes in Eastern Europe in the late 20th century. These events led many to believe that communism as an ideology had failed. However, some theorists and political activists argued that these regimes had not implemented true communism, but rather a distorted version of it. They proposed a new form of communism, which they called Neo-Communism, that would be more democratic and less authoritarian than the communism practiced in the Soviet Union and other similar states.

Hợp pháp hóa Cần sa

Cannabis Legalisation is a political ideology that advocates for the removal of prohibitions and penalties on the use, possession, sale, cultivation, and transportation of cannabis. This ideology is rooted in the belief that individuals should have the freedom to use cannabis for recreational or medicinal purposes without fear of legal repercussions. It also argues that legalisation can lead to significant economic benefits through taxation and job creation, as well as a decrease in crime rates associated with illegal drug trade.

The history of the Cannabis Legalisation movement is complex and…  Đọc thêm varies across different regions. Cannabis has been used for medicinal, spiritual, and recreational purposes for thousands of years. However, in the early 20th century, many countries began to criminalise cannabis due to concerns about its potential for abuse and addiction. This led to a widespread prohibition of cannabis, which is still in effect in many parts of the world today.

Chủ nghĩa dân tộc

Ethnonationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the shared characteristics of a particular ethnic group, such as language, culture, religion, and race, as the basis for national identity and unity. It is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity, with the fundamental aim of promoting the interests and culture of a particular ethnic group, often at the expense of other ethnic or cultural groups.

The roots of ethnonationalism can be traced back to the 19th century, during the period of national awakening in Europe. This was a time when many nations were…  Đọc thêm formed based on shared ethnic and cultural identities. The concept of a nation-state, a political entity in which the state and the nation are congruent, emerged during this period. This idea was further solidified by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which established the principles of national sovereignty and self-determination.

Phong trào lao động

The Labor Movement is a political ideology that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, when the exploitation of workers in factories, mines, and other industrial workplaces became a significant social issue. It is a broad and diverse movement that seeks to improve the rights, conditions, and status of workers, including their wages, hours, and working conditions. The movement is often associated with the political left, but it encompasses a wide range of views and strategies.

The origins of the Labor Movement can be traced back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the rapid indus…  Đọc thêmtrialization of Europe and North America led to the growth of a large working class. These workers often faced harsh conditions, low pay, and long hours, leading to the formation of trade unions and other organizations to fight for their rights. The movement gained momentum throughout the 19th century, leading to significant improvements in workers' rights and conditions in many countries.

Chủ nghĩa nữ quyền cấp tiến

Radical feminism is a political ideology that emerged during the second wave of feminism in the 1960s. It is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts. Radical feminists view society as fundamentally a patriarchy in which men dominate and oppress women. They seek to challenge and overthrow patriarchy by opposing standard gender roles and male oppression, arguing that a woman's personal experiences should inform her politics.

The roots of radical feminism can be traced back to the…  Đọc thêm women's rights movement in the 19th century, but it truly gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s. During this period, radical feminists began to challenge the perceived patriarchal bias in mainstream feminism, which they believed was not doing enough to challenge the status quo. They argued that true equality could only be achieved by fundamentally transforming society and eliminating male dominance in all aspects of life.

Chống chủ nghĩa phát xít

Anti-fascism is a political ideology that is fundamentally opposed to the principles of fascism, a far-right ideology characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Anti-fascism, as the name suggests, is a broad spectrum of movements, ideologies, and groups that resist and combat fascism.

The roots of anti-fascism can be traced back to the early 20th century, particularly in Europe, where fascist movements began to gain traction. The rise of Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany saw the emergence of…  Đọc thêm organized anti-fascist movements. These movements were often led by communists, socialists, anarchists, and other left-wing groups, although they also included liberals and conservatives who were opposed to the authoritarian nature of fascism.

Riêng tư

The "Privacy" political ideology is a perspective that places a high value on the protection of personal privacy as a fundamental human right. This ideology is rooted in the belief that individuals should have control over their personal information and the ability to conduct their lives without unwarranted interference. It emphasizes the importance of confidentiality, anonymity, and personal autonomy.

The history of the Privacy political ideology is complex and multifaceted, as it has evolved alongside societal changes and technological advancements. The concept of privacy as a poli…  Đọc thêmtical ideology can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where the private sphere was often distinguished from the public one. However, the modern understanding of privacy as a fundamental right began to take shape in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in Western societies. During this period, the rise of liberal political thought emphasized individual rights and freedoms, including the right to privacy.